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Faq
What are Medical Investigations?
Medical investigations are diagnostic tests and procedures performed to identify, evaluate, and monitor various health conditions. These investigations help doctors understand the cause of symptoms, confirm a diagnosis, assess the severity of a disease, and plan the most effective treatment approach. Depending on the patient’s condition, investigations may include blood tests, imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans, PET-CT scans, biopsies, and other specialized tests.
Common Questions
Find Answers to Common Questions
Osteosarcoma is a primary cancer of bone. It is an extremely rare disease as it affects 1 in 2 lac people per year. It is most common in the age group of 15 to so years and the commonest location is lower end of femur bone or upper end of tibia, i.e, the bone just above or below the knee joint. However, it can affect any bone and any age group of patient.
Exact cause of osteosarcoma is unknown. However, it has been linked to genetic mutations, some pre-existing lesions in bone and also radiotherapy. In majority, the exact cause cannot be reached.
It is diagnosed with the help of Xray, MRI and a needle biopsy – histopathology.
Ewing’s sarcoma is a primary cancer of bone. It is an extremely rare disease as it affects 1 in 3 lac people per year. It is most common in the age group of 5 to 15 years. Its commonest location is femur bone. It is typically seen in the shaft (middle 1/3rd) of long bones. Another common location is pelvic bones. However, it can affect any bone and any age group of patient.
Exact cause of Ewing’s sarcoma is unknown. However, it has been linked to some genetic mutations - translocations, some pre-existing lesions in bone and also radiotherapy. In majority, the exact cause cannot be reached.
Chondrosarcoma is a primary cancer of bone. It is an extremely rare disease as it affects 1 in 2.5 lac people per year. It is second most common primary cancer of bone after osteosarcoma. It is most common in the age group of 50 years or more and the commonest location is pelvic bones i.e the bone which connects lower extremities to the spine. However, it can affect any bone and any age group of patient.
In majority, the exact cause of Chondrosarcoma is unknown. However, it has been linked to genetic mutations, some pre-existing lesions in bone like enchondroma, osteochondroma and chondroblastoma from which it can transform into chondrosarcoma.
Soft tissue sarcomas are cancers which arise from the soft tissues of extremities. i.e. cancers which arise from skin, fat, fascia, muscles, blood vessles, nerves etc. There are more than 80 variants of soft tissue sarcomas. They are known from the tissue of their origin. I.e. sarcoma arising from skin is known as Dermato sarcoma, from fat is known as Liposarcoma, and from muscles is known as Liomyosarcoma etc.
Exact cause of Soft tissue sarcomas is unknown. However, it has been linked to some genetic syndromes, some pre-existing tumors and long standing ulcers. In majority, the exact cause cannot be reached.
Dermatosarcoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans, Liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarecoma, Liomyosarcoma, Synovial sarcoma, Malignant fibrous histeocytoma, Pleomorphic sarcoma, Alveolar soft part sarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma, Hemangiopericytoma, Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, Neurofibrosarcoma, Epitheloid sarcoma.
This is the commonest tumor encountered in orthopedic oncology practice. Cancer in any other organ of body (e.g. Lung, breast, kidney, prostate, thyroid, head neck etc) can spread to bones. This is known as bone metastasis. Most of these patients are advanced cancers and beyond cure.
This can weaken the bone, can cause bone fractures and intractable pain. This may not kill the patient directly but accounts of measurable life and suffering. Metastasis to spinal column can result into devastating complications like paralysis of extremities and loss of control of urine and stool functions.
Any cancer spreading to bone means that the cancer is now in advance stages. Most of such patients cannot be cured. But the treatment is still very important as painfree and independent life is right of every patient.
Any cancer spreading to bone means that the cancer is now in advance stages. Most of such patients cannot be cured. But the treatment is still very important as painfree and independent life is right of every patient.
Any cancer spreading to bone means that the cancer is now in advance stages. Most of such patients cannot be cured. But the treatment is still very important as painfree and independent life is right of every patient.
Any cancer spreading to bone means that the cancer is now in advance stages. Most of such patients cannot be cured. But the treatment is still very important as painfree and independent life is right of every patient.
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